Dealing with Change in Life - 646 Words

We all have dealt with change at one point in our life. Change comes in many ways from having a new baby being born to transitioning to a new career. What I call this is forces of change. Secondly is how we process that change. It may simple and it may not be simple. Lastly once you process the change you are then able to manage change. If you manage change you will not be as stressed if you let it take over you. Change is never when you are ready. Yes you may plan to move to a new home or new state but you are still dealing with stress. The majority of us have change come to us when we are not ready. The most change that we have in our life is that of career change or work changes. We see it every day businesses may close or merge with another business. This is a big deal because people need to look for a new job or plan to retire. This change would be consider planned change. (Nelson Quick, 2013 p.668). Another change is that when managers are changed at your job. Managers come and go in a company. Many managers will move up in the company and many will pursue a different career. This is tough for employees to deal with because they get use to working in one direction until someone new comes in. This is consider to be unplanned change. (Nelson Quick, 2013 p668). Many companies do change as a globalize style. To me having a globalize style of change is planned and unplanned. I say this be cause the company knows where they are moving or when they are moving, but no oneShow MoreRelatedProblems Human Service Clients are facing1123 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Problems Human Service Clients are facing Tosha Hawes BSHS/305 Instructor: Angela Murray The Range of Problems facing Human Service Clients Clients are rarely dealing with just one issue at a time. Individuals, groups, and communities are facing a wide range of problems. 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The Piercer Free Essays

S w 908M57 The Piercer Colleen Sharen and Nicole Nolan wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Piercer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University o f Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey. uwo. ca. Copyright  © 2008, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2008-08-22 â€Å"Don’t forget, your business idea pitch is due in two weeks,† said Professor Sharen at the end of class. Jessica Pierce turned to look at her project team mate, Ashley Mound. Jessica and Ashley were fourth-year management and organizational studies students at Brescia University College, taking an introduction to entrepreneurship course. Ashley and Jessica had developed an idea for the assignment: a personal safety alarm that both shrieked and flashed lights when the person carrying it set off the alarm function. Given the concern that many people had over personal safety, it seemed like a great business idea. In order to present their idea, they needed to show that there was a market for this product and that they had a way to sell it to consumers. The problem was that they did not really know how or where to start to get the information that they needed. They had a lot of work to do to be ready to present their project in the next two weeks. THE ASSIGNMENT The business pitch assignment was challenging. Sharen had asked students to develop an interesting business idea and present it to a panel of potential investors. These investors included a successful serial entrepreneur, a business consultant who practised in the area of small- and medium-size enterprises, an owner of a marketing and advertising services business and a business professor. The students were asked to present an innovative idea, show why it would be successful in the market place, demonstrate potential markets, show the business model and sell themselves to the investors as entrepreneurs. The investors were instructed to view their investments as seed money to enable the students to further develop business plans and prototypes of their ideas. The students weren’t required to complete a financial analysis for this assignment. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 Page 2 9B08M057 The investors were asked to assess project ideas on the basis of the feasibility of the idea and whether they believed that the entrepreneurs would be able to deliver. They could consider the appeal of the idea itself, the logistics and operations required to run the business, the effectiveness of the business plan, the longterm viability of the business or the size of the market. The assignment would be graded 50 per cent based on how much money the teams received from the investors and 50 per cent on the quality of their presentation by the professor. THE IDEA The Piercer was a small device that hung on a chain worn around the neck. When activated, The Piercer emitted a piercing sound that traveled for approximately 500 meters, as well as a bright flashing light. To deactivate The Piercer, the wearer had to push two buttons simultaneously. This was to prevent an attacker from being able to deactivate the device. The piercing noise and the bright flashing light were designed to scare away attackers and attract those who might assist the person being attacked. In the situation of imminent attack, a person would not have to rely on their voice or bring a whistle to their mouth to signal for help. Ashley and Jessica had researched costs and thought that by manufacturing in China, they could make The Piercer for $2 and sell it for $7. 50 wholesale, with a retail price of $14. 95. The idea made sense to Ashley and Jessica. It fit with recent social and demographic trends as aging baby boomers began to need assistance with injuries and falls, and with increased general concerns about health, safety and violence. WHAT NEXT? Jessica and Ashley thought that they had a good idea. Now they had to prove it. What were the target markets for this product? How big were they? Which ones should they choose? How should they sell to them? What proportion of the target market should they expect to capture? Where should they look for information to help them make these decisions? A SIMPLE GUIDE TO INFORMATION RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Ashley and Jessica must do secondary research to be able to evaluate and implement their idea. They will need to consider 1) how to evaluate resources, 2) how to develop effective search strategies and 3) how to identify proprietary resources that support the case for this business. 1. How to Evaluate Resources Information is available everywhere, and for this reason, Jessica and Ashley need to be able to discriminate between good and poor quality information. Appropriate information usage for an academic project includes evaluating and assessing resources for reliability and credibility. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 Page 3 9B08M057 Goals ? ? ? ? ? Ashley and Jessica should be able to locate and differentiate free versus proprietary web resources. They should be able to identify a quality website. They should be able to evaluate books and other print resources for quality and reliability. They should understand the difference between scholarly and non-scholarly articles and resources. They should be able to cite information properly. Free Versus Proprietary Web Resources Many students think that the World Wide Web has the answers for everything. While the web can have valuable information, students pay (through their tuition) to have access to quality proprietary information resources. Ashley and Jessica could examine some free web sites to help them. For example, associations, company information and government information can be very helpful, as long as the user knows how to determine the quality of a website. Quality Web Sites Anyone anywhere can make a website. Just because it is on the web, does not mean it is good quality or reliable. When Ashley and Jessica are evaluating websites, they need to consider: Who is providing the information? ? Is it a government institution, a university or a company? ? Does the url make sense (e. g. .org, . edu, . on. ca)? ? Does the owner of the website have anything to gain by providing the information? ? Does the owner of the website have good credentials? ? Has anyone updated the website recently? Note that Wikipedia is not necessarily a reliable resource. Anyone anywhere can modify these pages. While it might be a place to find some resources or links, students should not cite Wikipedia as a reliable resource in an academic paper. The University of Alberta put together a good web evaluation checklist: http://www. library. ualberta. ca/instruction/science/evalweb. pdf For a more comprehensive list on evaluating web resources, see the bibliography on the topic: http://www. lib. vt. edu/help/instruct/evaluate/evalbiblio. html Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 Page 4 9B08M057 Evaluating Other Resources Ashley and Jessica need to be critical of all the resources they use, not just websites. Ideally, they should be able to discriminate between proprietary and non-proprietary websites, scholarly and non-scholarly resources and evaluate the quality of any book used. Things for Ashley and Jessica to consider include: ? Who published the book or made the information available? ? How old is the information? ? Has the information been updated recently? ? Is the information peer reviewed? Does this matter? ? Did the library buy and recommend the resource? Is the author credible? Scholarly Versus Non-Scholarly Resources An academic library will provide access to both scholarly and non-scholarly resources. Scholarly work generally refers to published work that has been through a peer review process. Especially in the field of business, there are many practitioner resources. Therefore, Jessica and Ashley need to be aware of the type of information they are gathering. For example, industry trends, say from Standard and Poors NetAdvantage, is not a scholarly resource, yet the information within them could be valuable. Alternatively, ProQuest ABI Inform Global provides access to scholarly articles. Ashley and Jessica may also consider the relative value of evidence or fact versus opinion. Students should not read things and trust that what they are reading is accurate. Students should think about the rigor with which the argument is made and the evidence presented. ? Is there evidence to back up a claim? ? Has the evidence been collected in a reliable way? ? Is the author stating an opinion without backing up his or her ideas? Citing Work It is important that Ashley and Jessica cited their work properly, to avoid accidental plagiarism. Some of the more confusing things to cite include Statistics Canada data or online information. Statistics Canada has a website that describes systematically how to cite its tables, publications or other datasets: http://www. statcan. ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/12-591-XIE2006001. htm In addition, most academic libraries will have information about citation procedures, or will have copies of publication manuals available for borrowing. Any librarian can be asked about citation procedures. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 Page 5 9B08M057 2. How to Develop Search Strategies Goals ? ? ? ? Ashley and Jessica should know the difference between searching in different search fields, such as the abstract field and title field They should be able to use this technology to search the unique fields They should be able to use the â€Å"AND,† â€Å"OR,† or â€Å"NOT† features of a search engine to help narrow their search. They should understand what truncation and proximity search strategies are, and how that influences a search. Most search engines that index information have similar features. If Ashley and Jessica understand the concepts in searching, they can apply them to any search engine. Take Advantage of Search Fields For example, records in an index have many different fields such as keywords, title, author, publication title, document title, abstract, full document, date, author, etc. It is often possible to specify what part of the record to search in, which helps to be more specific with the search. Searching an entire text document may retrieve less meaningful records than a search of just abstracts. Use Boolean Search Strategies Using â€Å"AND† and â€Å"OR† can be helpful in expanding or narrowing a search. AND narrows a search and OR expands it. Using the term â€Å"NOT† can also be helpful, but should be limited. For example, searching for beer companies will retrieve companies on diamonds (DeBeers). Excluding the term â€Å"diamond† from a search on beer companies could be helpful in narrowing one’s search. Truncation and Proximity Many search engines allow for truncation and proximity searching. In ProQuest, an asterisk symbol will truncate. For example, if one types â€Å"leader*† into a search box, records with leader, leaders and leadership will be retrieved. This helps capture all variations of a word. Proximity searching refers to how close two words are together in a document. Presumably, if two words are close together in a document, they are more likely to have something to do with each other. In ProQuest, a â€Å"w/1† or â€Å"w/2† (â€Å"w/3,† etc. ) facilitates proximity searching. For example, if Ashley or Jessica typed â€Å"organizational w/3 learning† in the search box, they will retrieve documents where the word â€Å"organizational† is within three words of â€Å"learning. † Find Creative Ways In There are many different ways to find information. Knowing a company name or a competitor’s name is convenient. Taking advantage of key words (or subject terms) also is a good way to search. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 Page 6 9B08M057 It is also a good idea to brainstorm for synonyms prior to beginning a search. Being d eliberate about a search strategy and deciding on what concepts to combine can really help make the search go easier. Searching is iterative as well. One is advised to read some articles to learn the jargon of the topic, then go back and do the search again using the subject jargon. Most librarians will help on developing a search strategy! 3. How to Identify Proprietary Resources Goals Ashley and Jessica should be able to identify library resources and understand what type of information they can find in various types of resources. The following databases are some of the library databases that Ashley and Jessica could consider. They could also go to the library (or call or e-mail) and ask for assistance. Library staff will know what resources the library has, if there are any other resources that may be of use and how to access and use the resources. Finding Background Scholarly Articles ProQuest ABI Inform Global is a database that indexes business and management journal articles. Most of the articles are available in full text, and both scholarly and non-scholarly articles are available. The search box in ProQuest has a drop-down menu on the right that allows users to search in specific fields. For example, users can search the title, abstract, author, company or publication fields. Scopus is a database that indexes articles on the social sciences, life sciences, physical sciences and health sciences. For the purposes of a business or entrepreneurship project, searching only the social sciences category would be appropriate. This resource indexed scholarly articles. Google Scholar is a free resource that indexes scholarly information from the World Wide Web. There is an advanced search engine feature to help specify a search. Many academic institutions integrate access to full text articles with Google Scholar. This means that any article the student has access to via the library, is also available to them via Google Scholar. Because Google Scholar is integrated with library resources, the student will likely need to either be on campus, or logged into the off-campus proxy server to take advantage of these services. If they are off campus or not logged into the proxy server the student can still search Google Scholar, but access to full text resources may be limited. Finding News and Magazine Articles Factiva is a database that indexes newspapers and magazines. While this resource does not index scholarly articles, it is a broad resource that captures current global news and events. LexisNexis has a comprehensive database that indexes newspapers and magazines. significant Canadian content indexed there. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 There is also Page 7 9B08M057 Finding Industry Trends Several databases including Standard Poors NetAdvantage, Mintel and Marketline provide reports on industry trends. These databases provide regularly updated reports on broad industries. Each database tends to report on different industries, so students would have to do some trial and error research to find relevant reports. Students may find their topic is too narrow for these reports. The Financial Post Investor Suite is a database that provides industry information from a Canadian perspective. Finding Company Information Company information may be important for a project such as The Piercer, especially for researching competitors. MarketLine provides company information, including financial information, company descriptions and a list of competitors. Similarly, Hoovers provides comprehensive company descriptions. Not all companies are in both resources, therefore checking both resources is recommended for company research. Marketing and Advertising The World Advertising Research Center (WARC) is a resource that provides access to information about marketing and advertising, as well as to case studies of winning ad campaigns. Such a resource could be helpful in this context to see if other, similar products have been marketed, and if so, how they have been marketed. There is scholarly and non-scholarly information in this resource. Technology Information Both eMarketer and Forrester have information about technology trends. There may be information about the Internet, emerging technologies or electronic marketing. Statistics and Demographics Statistics Canada provides access to demographic data. Many secondary educational institutions participate in the Data Liberation Initiative. This means that information a member of the public would have to pay for, can be retrieved for free by a student. Students, through the academic library website, can use data for research. For more information about accessing statistics, students can talk to their subject librarian. Some resources that Statistics Canada has that might be useful to find demographics include the Market Research Handbook, Canadian Business Patterns, CANSIM data, Census data, and Canadian Social Trends, among others. There are other resources available via www. statcan. ca such as Community Profiles. Data are available down to groupings of the population of about 2,000 to 7,000 people, meaning students can find demographic data for each 2,000- to 7,000-person neighbourhood across the country. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 Page 8 9B08M057 Global Information Although global research may not be as important for a product such as The Piercer, other entrepreneurial projects may require researching the global market. Economic Intelligence Unit, Global Market Information Database and Business Monitor Online are three resources that provide global market and industry information. Other Helpful Resources Students are encouraged to use the World Wide Web to help them find good information. For example, city homepages often have information about setting up a business. Association websites also can have helpful information. Also, banks have entrepreneurial information on their websites. In addition, many books in the library explain how to develop small business plans or provide information on entrepreneurship. Purchased by Gaia Cuccarini (gaia. cuccarini@yahoo. it) on March 21, 2013 How to cite The Piercer, Papers

Rewarding performance †comparison of alternative reward systems

Introduction Reward systems are the programs that are set up by different firms to recognize and appreciate the individual’s work in the organization. The main purpose for this is motivation. The concept of reward system comes from the fact that employees need to be motivated to work and this is achieved either by intrinsic or extrinsic rewards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rewarding performance – comparison of alternative reward systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All reward systems revolve around the assumptions of attracting, retaining and motivating individuals. Reward systems are not only based on the financial needs since there are other factors required to motivate employees and increase their level of performance (Ledford, 1995). Organizations have adopted alternative reward systems so as to increase both, the domestic and international competition. Normally, performance-based compen sation is considered in designing most reward systems because companies are aimed at cutting costs, restructuring and improving performance (Lawler, 1995). Therefore, in order to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of reward systems, it is vital to ensure that they are based on performance. Hence, management should embrace the fact that rewarding performance is a continuous process that is essential for current and future employee performance. A reward system is a major contributor to shaping employment relationships. However, there are various forces that have an impact on the pay systems. The impact of the reward system will be felt in changing the work design and organization as a whole. This is as a result of putting emphasis on the individual performance. However, all reward systems have two elements that contradict each other. These include tensions and conflict between employer and employee (Hamel and Heene, 1994). Alternative reward systems are normally linked to employe e participation programs and are embraced by employers as strategies that are necessary in the current global competitive marketplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This can be seen from the point of view that compensation for work done by the employees has been changing. In the past, it was referred to as payment. It was later referred to as remuneration and now, as reward. Reward systems The basic types of reward systems include direct financial compensation (salaries/wages), Indirect financial compensation – other financial rewards, other than wages and salaries (for example, medical cover, insurance cover and paid leave) and Non-financial compensation – most are intangible and they are relate to the satisfaction that an individual gets from performing his duties. They can be as a result of meaningful jobs or a good environment (Schuster, 1992). Financial rewards are based on three criteria. They include the base salary, pay incentives and employee benefits. All of these can be categorized as extrinsic rewards, which are aimed at meeting the basic needs of individual and non-financial rewards are based on two things; intrinsic rewards – revolving around individual work and recognition rewards, which are given to employee by their superiors. A reward system normally has three main objectives. The objectives include attracting new work force to the firm, showing exemplary work performance and inducing commitment to the organization (Quinn, 1987). Attracting new employees is based on the fact that reward systems are designed with packages that aim at marketing individual reputation as desirable in the job market. It also gives employers confidence that employees will perform effectively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rewarding performance – comparison of alternative reward systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Performance is achieved by the use of a reward system since it motivates the individual to work extra hard. This is because they are promised a bonus or pay increase. This can be channeled in three different ways. This could apply for individuals, team or the entire organization. However, the individual performance-related pay could be challenging because it is based on the assumption that the pay, by itself, motivates workers. Reward systems boost and strengthen the psychological contract. It brings out the behavior that organization values the most. Psychological contract, in a way, determines the perception of employees concerning what they believe in. This is in terms of the reward they receive for the work they do. Without the psychological contact, the management cad face problems with the employees. The remuneration system should be able to attract and retain people of the right caliber. It gives rewards that wi ll increase the workers’ motivation (Senge, 1990). Financial compensations for employees are different for different companies. They are affected be various factors. One of the factors is the type of the organization. This depends on whether the organization is a profit making or not, whether it is private or under public ownership and many more. The size of the organization, type of industry, importance of the employee’s job, level of the job, contribution to profit, span of control, the employees education and experience, competition and supply or demand also affect the type of compensation employed (Spencer and Spencer, 1995). Direct versus indirect pay Direct pay is normally what the employees of an organization will receive in the bank account. This could be in terms of basic pay, overtime, paid leave, commission, merit pay or firm profit sharing.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, indirect pay is commonly referred to as benefits, and it is the additional package that an individual gets on top of the direct pay. They include things like the health cover, insurance cover, company car, entertainment, club membership, mobile phone and retirement plans (Collins, 1994). Salaries versus Bonuses A fixed monthly payment is the main financial incentive for employees. It is usually adjusted and reviewed to reflect employee’s development. A salary is advantageous for both, the firm and the employees. For the firm, it makes it easy to administer. For the employee, it provides security. One can budget for it since he or she is sure it will be provided. However, salary is not closely related to performance and sometimes, it leads to complacency on the part of the employees. Most firms supplement a salary with a bonus. A bonus is directly related to the results achieved. It is a sum of money given, usually at the end of the year or additionally to t he salary. It is usually used by profit making firms. Bonus may be based on contribution to profit, waste reductions, sales increase and reduction in absenteeism. Profit-Sharing versus Stock ownership In profit sharing, the employees are given a certain percentage of profit. The profit sharing may be in form of cash or it may be kept in a fund and given out at a later stage. This could be at an agreed date or particular age. Profit sharing can help reduce turnover and attract better employees as well as help increase morale on the part of employees, leading to increased group co-operation. In stock ownership, some companies do sell shares to their employees. This gives employees a personal stake in the company and can make them more willing to improve the company’s performance. Pension plans The firm invests funds for its employees and this is disbursed back to them when they retire. Pension plans help employees stay longer in the firm. It helps meet the employees need for se curity and this means that it can boost their morale. The advantages of these reward systems include encouraging greater effort of employees, helping boost their morale, helping in problem solving (for example, it could help reduce waste of material, it could be of help where bonus is based on reduction of waste and encourages harmony at work, especially when employees receive group bonuses). However, this reward system can be disadvantageous in the various ways. Firstly, it is difficult to measure each individual’s contribution (in terms of sales or profits), it is expensive to administer, it takes time and makes management even more complex. When it is a group bonus, the high performers may feel discouraged when they are rewarded using the same rate as the low performers. Alternative Reward systems Alternative reward systems have two main corporate goals. Firstly, they provide a reward for the employees who are able to compete against their fellow employees in the same depa rtment. Secondly, they seek to enhance the removal of the general wage increase that is based on collective power and it replaces them with one of the payments based on individual or group performance standards. This increases the conflict between the system and the union in which some employees may be part of. Traditional wage compensations are straightforward and can easily be the measure for paying employees. The system can be useful when the employees’ wage and benefit packages are to be calculated to get the present and future values with some degree of accuracy. On the other hand, nontraditional lump sum payment can never be at par with the economic value of a general wage increase. Wage increases produce a constantly increasing income flow, which is accumulated each year (Torrington et al., 2005). Alternative reward systems can be categorized in the following payment schemes. Profit Sharing versus Gain sharing Profit sharing is normally a great disadvantage to employee s. This is because there are numerous factors that affect profitability. They are normally out of the employee’s control. Management decision making and overall economic conditions have different roles in determining the profit or loss of a company. In addition, the huge profits are not always beneficial for the employees in the present economy (Zingheim, 1995). On the other hand, gain sharing – as a reward – is not as bad as profit sharing. In many instances, it results in cutbacks in the employment levels as employees share their knowledge with their superiors so as to increase the overall productivity. Pay for Knowledge versus pay for performance This form of reward is used in most organizations. It revolves around the management’s plan to improve the employees’ work. It makes it more flexible and simplifies their job classifications. However, this system normally results in reduced employment and increased job stress. This is because the employ ees try to generalize their work and end up specializing in none (Roth, 2000). Pay for performance, also known as merit pay system, is said to cultivate favoritism since it is not entirely based on fairness. This makes the system conflict greatly with the union movement. Critiques say that, in most cases, it is purely based on the manipulation of the management. Factors Influencing Basic Reward System and Practices One factor is the demand and supply of labour and labour markets. The law of demand and supply must be considered. The higher the supply of laborers in the labour market in relation to demand, the lower the salaries and wages paid. However, when there is scarcity of labour, there will be less supply of labour in relation to demand. This means that the wages and salaries will go up. Hence, to achieve external consistency of wages and salaries, the organization’s wage and salary policies must take into account labour market conditions and prevailing wage rates. Union Pressures – Labour union pressures exert considerable influence upon the wage and salary issues. Generally, the more powerful a union is or the stronger the bargaining power (as measured by its membership and leadership strengths), the greater the possibility of higher wages and salaries. Job requirements in terms of knowledge and skills – Various jobs in an organization are graded according to the relative skills, efforts, responsibility or job conditions. The wages or salaries of the employees increase with the difficulty of the job (Ruona and Roth, 2000). The size or ability of organization to pay – larger organizations have higher chances of making good profits. Large companies or organizations tend to pay higher wages and salaries relative to smaller organizations because of their ability to pay (Scherer, 1980). Product competitiveness and prospects for higher profits – If an organization’s product (goods or services) is highly competitive an d profits are good, the wage level in the organization is likely to rise. Hence, the market leaders in terms of products or services will make more profits and pay better than their competitors pay since their quality will be higher (Scherer and Ross, 1990). Psychological and Sociological or Ethical factors – These factors exert a considerable influence on the company’s wage levels because if the employees are dissatisfied with wages and salaries paid to them, a sizeable pressure for wage or salary increase will be developed frequently. This at times may not be justified on purely economic grounds. Psychologically, individuals perceive the level of wages and salary as a measure of satisfaction, security and status in life. Wage or salary differentials serve to depict social hierarchies. This is seen in the way individuals rate themselves using their salaries. Ethically, individuals feel that wages and salaries should be commensurate with their efforts. Government polic y and action in wage determination – similar to the pressures from trade unions, the government exerts pressure on the wage and salary practices. Acting in the public interest, government may pass legislation, issue executive orders or establish commissions with a view to regulate compensation policies and practices for the purpose of attaining specific social and economic objectives such as elimination of exceptionally low wages (Shavell, 1998). Cost of living or consumer price index – This is often regarded as an automatic minimum pay criterion. Due to the high cost of living resulting from increased prices, various organizations increase their wages and salaries. This leads to an increase in Productivity (Taylor, 2005). Conclusion Alternative reward systems should aim at attracting the most qualified employees and motivate them individually and collectively. This would make them more efficient and effective. A good reward system must have the four things that follow : The organization must consider the system in its entirety. The firm should be looked at as a system that is interrelated. Besides the money, there should be good leadership, appreciation, respect and growth. Secondly, they should be related to the performance of employees so that they do not feel exploited. Good performers must be compensated well. Thirdly, the reward system must be reviewed and amended frequently. It may be adjusted to reflect changes either in the firm or on the part of the employees. Examples include increased responsibilities, rise in cost of living and development of skills. Fourthly, it must be fair, simple and objective. It should be also simple and not costly to administer (Bratton, 2007). References Bratton, J Gold, J 2007, Human resource management: Theory and practice, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, UK. Collins, JC Porras JI 1994, Built to Last: Succesful Habits of Visionary Companies, HarperCollins, New York. Hamel, G Heene A 1994, Competence-Base d Competition, John Wiley Sons, New York. Lawler, EE 1995, ’The New Pay: A Strategic Approach’, Compensation Benefits Review, Vol. 3, pp. 14-22. Ledford, GE 1995, ’Designing Nimble Reward Systems’, Compensation Benefits Review, Vol. 4, pp. 46-54. Ruona, WE Roth, G 2000, ‘Philosophical foundations of human resource development practice’, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 3, no. 2. Scherer, FM 1980, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Scherer, FM Ross, D 1990, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Schuster, JR Zingheim PK1992, The New Pay: Linking Employee and Organizational Performance, Lexington/Macmillan, New York. Senge, PM 1990, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Doubleday New York. Shavell, S Ypersele V 1998, Rewards versus Intellectual Property Rights, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Spencer , LM Spencer SM 1993, Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance, John Wiley Sons, New York. Torrington, D, Hall, L Taylor, S 2005, Human resource management, Prentice-Hall,Essex, U.K. Quinn, JB, Baruch JJ Pawuette P 1987, ’Technology in Services’ Scientific American, pp. 50-58. Zingheim PK Schuster JR 1995, ’Moving One Notch North: Executing the Transition to New Pay’, Compensation Benefits Review, pp. 33-39. This essay on Rewarding performance – comparison of alternative reward systems was written and submitted by user Jayla Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

fascism

What truths, if any, regarding man and society do you consider to be expressed in conservative doctrine? Conservatism, as an ideology is a relatively new phenomenon. It developed mainly in opposition to the French Revolution in 1789 and to the ‘enlightenment’ that preceded it. This ‘enlightenment’, which led to the revolution, was based on the perceived rationality of mankind and of mankind’s ability to reconstruct society according to abstract ideals. Conservatives fundamentally reject mankind’s rationality and tend to be guided more by the principles of tradition, hierarchy, and reform over revolution. According to O’Sullivan, in his work Conservatism, three broad schools of conservative thought are identified. This essay will concentrate primarily on the ‘French Reactionary School’, and particularly, but not exclusively on the thoughts of Joseph De Maistrà ©, Maurice Barrà ¨s, and Charles Mourras. The French Reactionary School has been chosen as it offers several differences from almost all other Schools of thought, to the extent that some have seen it as a precursor to fascism. Also, due to restrictions of this essay and the immense diversity of conservative doctrine, a worthwhile account of more than one school of thought would not be possible. This essay will evaluate and analyse the claims made by members of the French Reactionary School relating to the ‘truths’ about man and society found in their key works and thoughts. Firstly, this essay will discuss the ‘truths’ about mankind found in the writings of Joseph de Maistrà © and Charles Mourras. It will be shown how these views came about through both a historical view of the nature of man and a belief in the infallibility of God in the first case and a more sociological perspective in the other. A discussion of whether these ‘truth claims’ regarding the nature of man are true at all, looking briefly at some rival perspectives and some of the... fascism Free Essays on French Conservatism/fascism What truths, if any, regarding man and society do you consider to be expressed in conservative doctrine? Conservatism, as an ideology is a relatively new phenomenon. It developed mainly in opposition to the French Revolution in 1789 and to the ‘enlightenment’ that preceded it. This ‘enlightenment’, which led to the revolution, was based on the perceived rationality of mankind and of mankind’s ability to reconstruct society according to abstract ideals. Conservatives fundamentally reject mankind’s rationality and tend to be guided more by the principles of tradition, hierarchy, and reform over revolution. According to O’Sullivan, in his work Conservatism, three broad schools of conservative thought are identified. This essay will concentrate primarily on the ‘French Reactionary School’, and particularly, but not exclusively on the thoughts of Joseph De Maistrà ©, Maurice Barrà ¨s, and Charles Mourras. The French Reactionary School has been chosen as it offers several differences from almost all other Schools of thought, to the extent that some have seen it as a precursor to fascism. Also, due to restrictions of this essay and the immense diversity of conservative doctrine, a worthwhile account of more than one school of thought would not be possible. This essay will evaluate and analyse the claims made by members of the French Reactionary School relating to the ‘truths’ about man and society found in their key works and thoughts. Firstly, this essay will discuss the ‘truths’ about mankind found in the writings of Joseph de Maistrà © and Charles Mourras. It will be shown how these views came about through both a historical view of the nature of man and a belief in the infallibility of God in the first case and a more sociological perspective in the other. A discussion of whether these ‘truth claims’ regarding the nature of man are true at all, looking briefly at some rival perspectives and some of the...

Top 10 Confused English Words [U-Z]

Top 10 Confused English Words [U-Z] Top 10 Confused English Words [U-Z] Top 10 Confused English Words [U-Z] By Maeve Maddox Having come to the end of the alphabet with my series of â€Å"words often confused with one another,† I find myself hard-pressed to come up with a final set of ten for the remaining letters, U-Z. I can’t think of any for U or Z, but here are some for V, W, and Y. 1. vane / vain / vein All three sound alike and speakers know what they mean when they say them. The confusion arises with the spellings. INCORRECT: A cupola sat astride the angled wedge of the rooftop, sporting a beautiful gold colored  weather vain. CORRECT: A cupola sat astride the angled wedge of the rooftop, sporting a beautiful gold colored  weather vane. INCORRECT: If we cut one of our vains what chance do we have to live? CORRECT: If we cut one of our veins what chance do we have to live? vane noun: a blade that rotates vain adjective: 1. hopeless: â€Å"She continues to harbor a vain desire to write a novel that will make her rich.† 2. having an excessively high opinion of ones own appearance, attainments, qualities, or possessions: â€Å"He is especially vain about his hair.† vein noun: the tubular vessels in which the blood is conveyed through the animal body. 2. venal / venial Neither word is common in ordinary speech. Catholics are familiar with the adjective venial in reference to a lesser kind of sin than a mortal sin. In a secular context, â€Å"a venial fault† is one that does not deserve severe censure. Venial (three syllables) is usually applied to a thing. The adjective venal (two syllables) applies to people as well as to things.    â€Å"As a politician in a venal age, he preserved his independence and purity.† â€Å"The venal man raised the price from  $13.50  a pill to  $750 overnight.† venial adjective: easily forgiven. venal adjective: corruptible; likely to accept bribes. 3. vicious / viscous Although pronounced differently, viscous [VIS-kus] is often misspelled as the more familiar word vicious [VIH-shus], with comical effect. INCORRECT: Polymer solutions are very vicious so need lots of solvent. CORRECT: Polymer solutions are very viscous so need lots of solvent. vicious adjective: cruel and mean. viscous adjective: thick and sticky. 4. wave / waive Both words are pronounced the same. wave verb: move back and forth. â€Å"The sign waved in the wind. waive verb: give up; not require. â€Å"Do you waive your right to an attorney?† The usual error is to leave the i out of waive. INCORRECT: Can a 21-year-old who waved his rights to appeal without knowing the law get another trial? CORRECT: Can a 21-year-old who waived his rights to appeal without knowing the law get another trial? 5. weather / whether Both words are pronounced the same by speakers who don’t distinguish between the sounds of w and wh. weather noun: condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time. â€Å"The weather outside is frightful.† Whether is a function word used as different parts of speech. One use is as a conjunction to introduce an alternative expressing doubt or choice. The usual spelling error is to spell whether as weather. INCORRECT: I am a grown-up and can make decisions  weather to marry  or  not. CORRECT: I am a grown-up and can make decisions  whether to marry  or  not. 6. wet / whet The h in whet is often omitted, perhaps because so many speakers pronounce wh as w. wet adjective: full of moisture. â€Å"The wet dog shook vigorously.† wet verb: to make wet. â€Å"The oboe player wets his reed before playing.† whet verb: to sharpen. â€Å"Here, whet your sword on this grindstone.† whet verb: to stimulate. â€Å"The scent of baking bread always whets my appetite.† INCORRECT: One day in Quebec  will wet your appetite for  a longer visit.   CORRECT: One day in Quebec  will whet your appetite for  a longer visit.   7. wreck / wreak Although pronounced differently, the words are frequently mixed up in writing. wreck /REK/ verb: to damage severely; to destroy. wreak /REEK/ verb: to cause damage. Wreak is an old word, used chiefly in the phrase â€Å"to wreak havoc.† â€Å"Patricia is no longer a hurricane, but it’s about to wreak havoc in Texas.† INCORRECT: A  tornado wrecked havoc  in the city in 1896 killing several hundred people. CORRECT: A  tornado wreaked havoc  in the city in 1896 killing several hundred people. 8. wreath / wreathe The error with these words is failure to recognize wreathe as a verb in which the th is voiced. wreath noun: [The th is unvoiced, its sound in thin.] a ring-shaped arrangement of leaves or flowers. â€Å"She hung a Christmas wreath on the door.† wreathe verb: [The th is voiced, its sound in then.] to surround or encircle. â€Å"Inside, she wreathed the mirrors with holly branches.† INCORRECT: Martha Stewart makes small arborvitae wreathes to accent the front door of her home. CORRECT: Martha Stewart makes small arborvitae wreaths to accent the front door of her home. The plural of the noun wreath is wreaths. The third person singular of the verb wreathe is wreathes. 9. yoke / yolk Both words are pronounced the same. Yoke is usually spelled correctly in the context of a contrivance used to hook two animals together, as in â€Å"a yoke of oxen.† It’s when yoke is used in the context of sewing that it is sometimes misspelled as yolk. And on cooking sites, sometimes yolk is misspelled as yoke. yoke noun: (sewing) part of a garment, made to fit the shoulders. yolk noun: The yellow internal part of an egg. INCORRECT: The Creek Line House: How to Separate Egg Whites from the Yokes CORRECT: The Creek Line House: How to Separate Egg Whites from the Yolks INCORRECT: How To Sew A Shirt Yolk CORRECT: How To Sew A Shirt Yoke 10. your / you’re The query â€Å"difference between your and you’re† brings up 323,000,000 Google hits when typed in the search box. Clearly, a great many English speakers remain uncertain as to the difference. Your is a possessive adjective. â€Å"Is that your dog?† Your is always followed by a noun. You’re is a contraction of the words â€Å"you are.† The apostrophe in you’re indicates that something is missing. The ’re stands for the verb are. The a of are is what is missing. You’re may be followed by a noun, an adjective, or the present participle of a verb. â€Å"You’re [you are] the best friend I ever had.† (noun) â€Å"You’re [you are] wrong about this matter.† (adjective) â€Å"You’re [you are] making a big mistake.† (present participle) People who have difficulty with these words can avoid problems by spelling out â€Å"you are.† If the result sounds stuffy in an informal context, the writer can replace â€Å"you are† with you’re in revision. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsBest Websites to Learn EnglishUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Ohio White-Tailed Deer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ohio White-Tailed Deer - Essay Example While the deer are viewed as a trophy animal, as the herd expands it exploits the agricultural areas and is often considered a nuisance as it destroys crops, gardens, and ornamental landscaping. In addition, they are seen as a road hazard on many of Ohio's rural roadways. Effective hunting management of the Ohio White-Tailed Deer population is the result of an in-depth understanding of the deer's requirements for space, food, cover, and water, as well as the impact that the deer has on the existing ecosystem. The White-Tailed Deer have populated Ohio since the Ice Age, though the herd was nearly decimated by over-hunting in the early 20th century. Today the deer population is in excess of 700,000 and is controlled through a regulated deer-hunting season (Hunt, 2008). Deer density varies around the state based on the available habitat and runs from 5 per square mile in the heavily farmed and treeless areas to 45 per square mile in the areas that are heavily wooded (Golowenski, 2007). Deer damage agriculture by eating the young soybean plants, foraging on young fruit trees, and feeding on tree farms. Agricultural damage from deer has been estimated at $25 million annually in Ohio, and a study at Cornell University places the value at $1.1 billion nationally (Ohio Department of Natural Resources, n.d.; Golowenski, 2007). However, deer hunting generates $266 million in revenue in Ohio alone. Whether the deer is considered an aesthetic and economic treasure, or a menace to civilization depend s on whom in Ohio you ask. While the agricultural losses are significant, only a small percentage of the farmers surveyed indicated that they would like to see a reduction in herd size. As with all other organisms, the White-Tailed Deer have specific requirements for food, space, cover, water, and environmental limits. Limiting any one of these factors will reduce the herd's size and quality. The deer are herbivores that usually feed nocturnally on "leaves, twigs, fruits and nuts, grass, corn, alfalfa, and even lichens and other fungi" (White-tail deer, 2009). Herd size and herd quality will be dependent on the available food, but this mechanism has little if any impact in areas that are rich with grass and grain crops. Herbaceous weeds, broadleaf flowering plants, and woody vegetation such as fruit trees, shrubs, and vines make up 95 percent of the deer's diet (The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2008). The

CWE Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CWE Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example This sets the wheel in motion for others to follow. I have no bias towards Robert F. Kennedy but the quote itself is a great one stressing on thinking differently and taking risks. It tells how once can achieve great feats by thinking out of the box. Most people tend to stick to the routine or bound by conventional thinking. They are afraid to take risks and believe in new possibilities. It is only when we move away from the laid out path that we can find new lands. So it only by thinking out of the traditional mould and embracing new thinking and possibilities that we can achieve great things. Again, you cant connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. – Steve Jobs This is one of the famous quotes from Steve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech. In this quote, Steve Jobs asks his audience to follow their heart and do what they enjoy the most. Most people fail to understand their true talents because they are too afraid to follow their instincts or guts. What you instincts say might not make much of logical sense at the moment but years down the line everything will seem to be perfect. It is only when you believe in your instincts that you will be able to live a life to your full